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Non-economic barriers are less tangible than economic barriers, so they are harder to identify and overcome. Employing a structured approach to these barriers, we sent out e-mail questionnaires and conducted in-depth phone interviews with key stakeholders from selected countries in Asia and Africa. The barriers thus identified were compared to the scientific literature and verified by consulting NGOs and industry and government representatives). A concise overview report was produced that analyses the most important non-economic barriers and provides recommendations how to reduce them.
Client International Energy Agency	Area of expertise Energy policies, renewable electricity, biomass sustainability, combined heat and power (CHP).

The Renewable Energy Unit of the International Energy Agency (IEA) is implementing the second phase of its Global Renewable Energy Markets and Policies Programme (GREMPP). GREMPP Phase 2 involves an expanded analysis of policy impact indicators, focusing on core countries within the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Latin America, and Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (ex-Soviet states).

At Ecofys we support the IEA in assessing non-economic barriers to the development of electricity from renewable energy sources. Global recommendations are made, based on the findings of eight in-depth case studies that asses the conditions for using biomass and generating geothermal-based electricity.